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　　人物及演讲介绍

　　Frederick Douglas 弗雷德里克-道格拉斯(1817—1895)是一名杰出的演说家、作家、人道主义者和政治活动家。在废奴运动中他是一个巨人般的人物。他生为奴隶，从未见过生身父母，是在马里兰州的一个种植园中由祖母带大的。八岁时他被送到巴尔的摩当家奴。在巴尔的摩，女主人教他读书、虽然这是法律禁止的。他二十一岁时逃往纽约市和马萨诸塞州的贝得福德，在那里他将自己的姓氏改为道格拉斯(原先叫贝利)。

　　1841年，他被邀请在南特克特的反奴隶制集会上演说。他雄辩的口才令人折服，被马萨诸塞州反奴隶协会聘为代理人。他成了一名杰出的演说家。有的评论家对他的真实出身表示怀疑，针对于此他于1845年写了自传。但道格拉斯为了避免自己被认出是逃奴而被捉拿，跑到国外呆了两年，四处演说。回国时他挣了足够的钱赎身为自由人，并于1847年在纽约的罗切斯特创办了自己的废奴报纸的《北极星》报。1852年他被邀请在罗切斯特的美国独立纪念日集会上演讲。发言开始时他照老一套赞美了美国开国元勋们众所周知的功绩，但在演说中途，他话锋一转，提醒听众说美国黑人没有享受独立，由此可见这个国家的虚伪。听众举座震惊。

　　演讲原文

　　Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us?

　　公民同胞们，对不起，请允许我问一声：为什麽今天叫我在这里发言?你们的国家独立与我以及我所代表的人们有何相干?所以，我是否被叫到这里，向国家的祭坛奉献上我们微不足道的牺牲贡品，然后，由于你们的独立赐福了我们而要我连声谢谢、感恩戴德吗?

　　Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. For who is there so cold, that a nation’s sympathy could not warm him? Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits? Who so stolid and selfish, that would not give his voice to swell the hallelujahs of a nation’s jubilee, when the chains of servitude had been torn from his limbs? I am not that man. In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the “lame man leap as an hart.”

　　为了你们也为了我们，但愿上帝真能听到对这些问题的肯定回答。如真是这样，我的任务就容易了，身上的担子也就挑得轻松愉快了。有谁会如此铁石心肠以至于一个国家的慰问都不能使之感动?有谁会如此顽固不化、缺乏感激之心而不感谢得到了这些无估价的恩惠呢?又有谁是如此淡漠和自私，以至于手脚上奴役的锁链被解开时都不放开嗓门高唱这个国家欢乐的的哈利路亚呢?我不是那样的人。在这样的情况下，哑巴都会开口雄辩，”瘸子会像鹿儿般欢跃”起来。

　　But, such is not the state of the case. I say it with a sad sense of the disparity between us. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. — The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? If so, there is a parallel to your conduct. And let me warn you that it is dangerous to copy the example of a nation whose crimes, lowering up to heaven, were thrown down by the breath of the Almighty, burying that nation in irrecoverable ruin! I can to-day take up the plaintive lament of a peeled and woe-smitten people!

　　但情况并非如此。我这麽说，是因为我痛切地感受到我们之间有着差异。今天辉煌的周年盛会是把我们排斥在外的。你们光荣的独立仅仅表明我们之间存有不可逾越的鸿沟。并非所有人都享受到了你们为之高歌欢唱的种种幸福。你们分享到了你们的先辈留下的正义、自由、繁荣和独立的丰厚遗产，而我却没有。阳光带给你们光明和抚慰，带给我们的却是鞭痕和死亡。7月4日属于你们，而不属于我，你们可欢欣雀跃，而我却要伤心悲叹。将一个身着镣铐的人拖过自由的雄伟光辉的圣殿，叫他和你们一起高唱欢乐的圣歌，不啻是惨无人道的嘲弄和亵渎神明的讽刺。公民们，你们是否是为了嘲弄我才请我发言的?要是这样，你们要因自己的行为自食其果的。我要警告你们，不要覆蹈这样一个国家的前辙：在那里，万能的主一声叹息，这个国家所犯的滔天罪行就倾覆而下，使其永世夷为废墟!今天，我要把一个皮肉活剥、饱受苦难的民族的悲叹之声传达给你们!