1. vitriolic

　　vitriolic /ˌvɪtrɪˈɒlɪk/

　　ADJ If you describe someone'slanguage or behaviour as vitriolic, you disapprove of it because it is full ofbitterness and hate, and so causes a lot of distress and pain. (言行)尖酸刻薄的 [usu ADJ n] [表不满]

　　例：

　　There was a vicious and vitriolic attack on him in one of theSunday newspapers two weeks ago.

　　两周前的一份周日报纸上刊登了一篇对他进行尖酸刻薄攻击的文章。

　　2. savor

　　savor /ˈseɪvə/ CET6+ TEM8 (savoring, savored, savors )

　　V-T If you savor an experience, you enjoy it as much as you can. 尽情享受

　　例：

　　She savored her newfound freedom.

　　她体味到了她新获得的自由。

　　3. ingenuity

　　ingenuity /ˌɪndʒɪˈnjuːɪtɪ/ CET6+ TEM4

　　N-UNCOUNT Ingenuity is skill at working out how to achieve things or skill at inventing new things. 善于创新; 足智多谋

　　例：

　　Inspecting the nest can be difficult and may require some ingenuity.

　　仔细检查鸟巢可能有困难，也许需要一些巧妙的心思。

　　4. pessimistic

　　pessimistic /ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk/ CET4 TEM4

　　ADJ Someone who is pessimistic thinks that bad things are going to happen. 悲观的

　　例：

　　Not everyone is so pessimistic about the future.

　　并非每个人都对未来如此悲观。

　　5. cultivate

　　cultivate ['kʌltɪvet] vt. 培养;陶冶;耕作

　　V-T If you cultivate an attitude, image, or skill, you try hard to develop it and make it stronger or better. 培养 (态度、技巧等); 树立 (形象、观念等)

　　例：

　　He has written eight booksand has cultivated the image of an elder statesman.

　　他已写了8本书，并树立了一个政界元老的形象。

　　6. castigate

　　castigate /ˈkæstɪˌɡeɪt/ (castigating, castigated, castigates )

　　V-T If you castigate someone or something, you speak to them angrily or criticize them severely. 谴责 [正式]

　　例：

　　Marx never lost anopportunity to castigate colonialism.

　　马克思从不放过任何谴责殖民主义的机会。

　　7. spate

　　spate /speɪt/ TEM8 ( spates )

　　N-COUNT A spate of things,especially unpleasant things, is a large number of them that happen or appear within a short period of time. 一连串

　　例：

　　...the recent spate of attacks on horses.

　　…最近对马的一连串袭击。

　　8. brisk

　　brisk /brɪsk/ CET6 TEM4 ( brisker, briskest )

　　ADJ A brisk activity oraction is done quickly and in an energetic way. 轻快的

　　例：

　　Taking a brisk walk can often induce a feeling of well-being.

　　轻快的散步经常能使人心旷神怡。

　　9. humanitarian

　　humanitarian /hjuːˌmænɪˈtɛərɪən/ CET6 TEM4

　　ADJ If a person or society has humanitarian ideas or behaviour, they try to avoid making people suffer or they help people who are suffering. 人道主义的

　　例：

　　Air bombardment raisedcriticism on the humanitarian grounds that innocent civilians might suffer.

　　空袭遭到了非难，因为从人道主义的角度来看，无辜的平民可能会遭受伤害。

　　10. altruism

　　altruism /ˈæltruːˌɪzəm/

　　N-UNCOUNT Altruism isunselfish concern for other people's happiness and welfare. 利他主义

　　例：

　　Fortunately, volunteers are not motivated by self-interest, but by altruism.

　　幸运的是，志愿者们不是被自身利益而是被利他主义推动。

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