proscribe /prəʊˈskraɪb/ (proscribing, proscribed, proscribes )

　　V-T If something is proscribed by people in authority, the existence or the use of that thing is forbidden. 正式宣布被禁止[正式] [usu passive]

　　例：

　　In some cultures surgery is proscribed.

　　在有些文化里，外科手术是被禁止的。

　　2. spare

　　spare /spɛə/ CET4 TEM4 ( sparing, spared, spares )

　　ADJ You use spare to describe something that is the same as things that you are already using, but that youdo not need yet and are keeping ready in case another one is needed. 备用的

　　例：

　　If possible keep a spare pair of glasses accessible in case your mainpair is broken or lost.

　　如有可能留一副备用眼镜以防你常用的那副打碎或丢失。

　　3. dispute

　　dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/ CET4 TEM4 ( disputing, disputed, disputes )

　　N-VAR A dispute is an argument or disagreement between people or groups.争论

　　例：

　　They have won previous pay disputes with the government.

　　他们曾赢过前几起与政府的工资纠纷。

　　4. strenuous

　　strenuous /ˈstrɛnjʊəs/ CET6+ TEM8

　　ADJ A strenuous activity oraction involves a lot of energy or effort. 艰苦的; 剧烈的

　　例：

　　Avoid strenuous exercise in the evening.

　　应避免在傍晚进行剧烈的运动。

　　5. crucial

　　crucial /ˈkruːʃəl/ CET4 TEM4

　　ADJ If you describe somethingas crucial, you mean it is extremely important. 至关重要的

　　例：

　　He had administrators underhim but made the crucial decisions himself.

　　尽管他手下有许多官员，但重要的决定还是他自己做。

　　6. recruiting

　　recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ CET4 TEM4 ( recruiting, recruited, recruits )

　　V-T If you recruit people foran organization, you select them and persuade them to join it or work for it. 招收; 招募

　　例：

　　The police are trying to recruit more black and Hispanic officers.

　　警方正试图招收更多的黑人和西班牙裔的警官。

　　7. longevity

　　longevity /lɒnˈdʒɛvɪtɪ/ CET6+ TEM4

　　N-UNCOUNT Longevity is longlife. 长寿 [正式]

　　例：

　　Human longevity runs in families.

　　人类长寿是有遗传的。

　　8. characterize

　　characterize /ˈkærɪktəˌraɪz/ CET4 TEM4 ( characterizing, characterized,characterizes )

　　BRIT also characterise

　　V-T If something ischaracterized by a particular feature or quality, that feature or quality is anobvious part of it.以…为特征 [正式] [usu passive]

　　例：

　　This election campaign has been characterized by violence.

　　这次竞选运动以暴力为特征。

　　9. mountainous

　　mountainous /ˈmaʊntɪnəs/ CET6 TEM4

　　ADJ A mountainous place has alot of mountains. 多山的

　　例：

　　...the mountainous region of New Mexico.

　　…新墨西哥州的多山地区。

　　10. ameliorate

　　ameliorate /əˈmiːljəˌreɪt/ (ameliorating, ameliorated, ameliorates )

　　V-T If someone or something ameliorates a situation, they make it better or easierin some way. 改善 [正式]

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