1. matured

　　mature /məˈtjʊə, -ˈtʃʊə/ CET4 TEM4 ( maturing, matured, maturer,maturest, matures )

　　V-I When a child or young animal matures, it becomes an adult. (小孩、幼崽) 发育成熟

　　例：

　　You will learn what to expectas your child matures physically.

　　当你的孩子身体发育成熟时，你将知道会发生什么。

　　2. fulfilling

　　fulfil /fʊlˈfɪl/ CET4 TEM4 (fulfilling, fulfilled, fulfils )

　　V-T If you fulfil somethingsuch as a promise, dream, or hope, you do what you said or hoped you would do. 实现 (承诺、梦想、希望等)

　　例：

　　President Kaunda fulfilled his promise of announcing a date for the referendum.

　　卡翁达总统实现了他的关于宣布投票公决日期的诺言。

　　3. severe

　　severe /sɪˈvɪə/ CET4 TEM4 ( severer, severest )

　　ADJ You use severe to indicate that something bad or undesirable is great or intense. 严重的

　　例：

　　...a business with severe cash flow problems.

　　…一个有严重现金流转问题的企业。

　　4. upbraid

　　upbraid /ʌpˈbreɪd/ (upbraiding, upbraided, upbraids )

　　V-T If you upbraid someone,you tell them that they have done something wrong and criticize them for doingit. 责骂 [正式]

　　例：

　　His mother summoned him, upbraided him, wept and prayed.

　　他母亲把他叫来，责骂了他。然后母亲哭着做了祷告。

　　5. underdog

　　underdog /ˈʌndəˌdɒɡ/ TEM8 (underdogs )

　　N-COUNT The underdog in acompetition or situation is the person who seems least likely to succeed orwin.处于劣势者

　　例：

　　Most of the crowd werecheering for the underdog to win just this onetime.

　　人群中大多数人在为那位处于劣势者赢得一次比赛而加油鼓劲。

　　6. pioneer

　　pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/ CET4 TEM4 ( pioneering, pioneered, pioneers )

　　N-COUNT Someone who isreferred to as a pioneer in a particular area of activity is one of the firstpeople to be involved in it and develop it. 先驱

　　例：

　　...one of the leading pioneers of photojournalism.

　　…摄影新闻界的主要先驱之一。

　　7. vanguard

　　vanguard /ˈvænˌɡɑːd/

　　N-SING If someone is in the vanguard of something such as a revolution or an area of research, they are involved in the most advanced part of it. You can also refer to the peoplethemselves as the vanguard. 先锋

　　例：

　　Students and intellectualshave been in the vanguard of revolutionary change inChina.

　　学生和知识分子一直是中国革命变革的先锋。

　　8. complicity

　　complicity /kəmˈplɪsɪtɪ/ TEM4

　　N-UNCOUNT Complicity is involvement with other people in an illegal activity or plan. 同谋 [正式]

　　例：

　　Recently a number ofpolicemen were sentenced to death for their complicity in the murder.

　　近来很多警察因参与这起谋杀而被判死刑。

　　9. exonerated

　　exonerate /ɪɡˈzɒnəˌreɪt/ TEM8 ( exonerating, exonerated, exonerates)

　　V-T If a court, report, orperson in authority exonerates someone, they officially say or show that that person is not responsible for something wrong or unpleasant that has happened. 宣判···无罪; 证明...的清白 [正式]

　　例：

　　The official report basically exonerated everyone.

　　该官方报告基本洗脱了所有人的干系。

　　10. rampant

　　rampant /ˈræmpənt/ CET6+ TEM8

　　ADJ If you describe something bad, such as a crime or disease, as rampant, you mean that it is very common and is increasing in an uncontrolled way. 猖獗的; 泛滥的

　　例：

　　Inflation is rampant and industry in decline.

　　通货膨胀肆虐，工业生产下降。

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