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31. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to
recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
(A) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to
recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
(B) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined
to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
(C) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people
to recognize that they are weak to a degree.
(D) Many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to
recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
(E) Many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to
admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.
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32. Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were constructed in
violation of the city's building code.
(A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were
(B) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had been
(C) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last year have been
(D) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have been
(E) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had been
33. From the earliest days of the tribe, kinship determined the way in which the Ojibwa society organized its
labor, provided access to its resources, and defined rights and obligations involved in the distribution and
consumption of those resources.
(A) and defined rights and obligations involved in the distribution and consumption of those resources
(B) defining rights and obligations involved in their distribution and consumption
(C) and defined rights and obligations as they were involved in its distribution and consumption
(D) whose rights and obligations were defined in their distribution and consumption
(E) the distribution and consumption of them defined by rights and obligations
34. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the
currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of
wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come
35. In June of 1987, The Bridge of Trinquetaille, Vincent van Gogh's view of an iron bridge over the Rhone sold
for $20.2 million and it was the second highest price ever paid for a painting at auction.
(A) Rhone sold for $20.2 million and it was
(B) Rhone, which sold for $20.2 million, was
(C) Rhone, was sold for $20.2 million,
(D) Rhone was sold for $20.2 million, being
(E) Rhone, sold for $20.2 million, and was
36. Bufo marinus toads, fierce predators that will eat frogs, lizards, and even small birds, are native to South
America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930's in an attempt to control pests in the state's vast
sugarcane fields.
(A) are native to South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930's in an attempt to control
(B) are native in South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930's as attempts to control
(C) are natives of South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930's in an attempt at
controlling
(D) had been native to South America but were introduced to Florida during the 1930's as an attempt at
controlling
(E) had been natives of South America but were introduced to Florida during the 1930's as attempts at
controlling
37. While some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrated into every business course,
others say that students will take ethics seriously only if it would be taught as a separately required course.
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(A) only if it would be taught as a separately required course
(B) only if it is taught as a separate, required course
(C) if it is taught only as a course required separately
(D) if it was taught only as a separate and required course
(E) if it would only be taught as a required course, separately
38. Scientists have observed large concentrations of
heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the
growth of industrial activity there.
(A) Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there
(B) Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findings
(C) Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activity
(D) sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the area
(E) sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there
39. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames
were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
40. In metalwork one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is that the contact, and hence the
bonding, is effected continuously over a broad surface instead of a series of regularly spaced points with no
bonding in between.
(A) instead of
(B) as opposed to
(C) in contrast with
(D) rather than at
(E) as against being a
Answer to Question 31
Choice D is best. Choice A illogically compares skills to a disinclination; choice B compares skills to many
people. Choice C makes the comparison logical by casting analytical skills as the subject of the sentence, but
it is awkward and unidiomatic to say skills bring out a disinclination. Also in C, the referent of they is unclear,
and weak to a degree changes the meaning of the original statement. In E, have a disinclination... while
willing is grammatically incomplete, and admit their lack should be admit to their lack. By making people the
subject of the sentence, D best expresses the intended contrast, which pertains not so much to skills as to
people's willingness to recognize different areas of weakness.
Answer to Question 32
Choice B is best. Choices A and C illogically state that some buildings were both destroyed and damaged; or is
needed to indicate that each of the buildings suffered either one fate or the other. In using only one verb tense,
were, A fails to indicate that the buildings were constructed before the earthquake occurred. Choices C and D
use the present perfect tense incorrectly, saying in effect that the buildings have been constructed after they
were destroyed last year. Choice E suggests that the construction of the buildings, rather than the earthquake,
occurred last year, thus making the sequence of events unclear. Only B uses verb tenses correctly to indicate
that construction of the buildings was completed prior to the earthquake.
Answer to Question 33
Choice A is best. The activities listed are presented as parallel ideas and should thus be expressed in
grammatically parallel structures. Choice A correctly uses the simple past tense defined to parallel organized
and provided. Choice A also correctly joins the last two parallel phrases with and and clearly expresses the
relationship of rights and obligations to
resources. Choice C preserves parallelism but is wordy, and its has no logical referent. Choices B, D, and E
each replace the verb phrase with a subordinate modifier, violating parallelism and making the statements
ungrammatical. Furthermore, it is unclear what defining ... consumption in B is intended to modify; in D,
whose incorrectly attributes rights and obligations to resources', and E presents rights and obligations as
defining, rather than as being defined.
Answer to Question 34
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Choices A, B, and C are flawed because the countable noun dioxins should be modified by many rather than
much, which is used with uncountable nouns such as "work" and "happiness." In addition, both A and C
incorrectly use the singular verb comes with the plural noun dioxins. Choices C and D are needlessly wordy,
and D requires that before North Americans, to be grammatically complete. Choice E, the best answer, is both
grammatically correct and concise.
Answer to Question 35
A comma is needed after Rhone in choices A and D to set off the modifying phrase that begins Vincent...;
without the comma, the phrase appears to be part of the main clause, and it is thus unclear what noun should
govern the verb sold. Furthermore, it in A has no logical referent, and being in D is not idiomatic. Choices B and
E produce the illogical statement that the painting was the second highest price. Choice C, the best answer,
avoids this problem by using a noun phrase in which price clearly refers to $20.2 million. And by using a
comma after Rhone to set off the phrase that modifies The Bridge of Trinquetaille, C makes the painting the
subject of was sold.
Answer to Question 36
Choice A is best. The phrasing are native to correctly suggests that the toad species is indigenous to, and still
exists in, South America. In B, native in is unidiomatic; in C and E, natives of illogically suggests that each toad
now in Florida hails from South America. In D and E, had been inaccurately implies that the toads are no longer
native, or indigenous, to South America, and introduced to Florida is unidiomatic. Both as attempts in B and E
and as an attempt in D are wrong because the attempt consists not of the toads themselves, but of their
introduction into the environment. The correct phrase, in an attempt, should be completed by an infinitive (here,
to control), as in A.
Answer to Question 37
Choice B is best: in sentences expressing a conditional result (x will happen ify happens), the verb of the main
clause should be in the future tense and the verb of the if clause should be in the present indicative. Thus, is
taught (in B) is consistent with will take, whereas would be taught (in A and E) and was taught (in D) are not.
For clarity, only in C, D, and E should immediately precede the entire;/clause that it is meant to modify. Also, the
intended meaning is distorted when the adverb separately is used to modify required, as in A and C, or taught,
as in E; B correctly uses the adjective separate to modify course.
Answer to Question 38
All of the choices but D contain ambiguities. In A and B the words which and where appear to refer to
sediments, and in E it is not clear what consistent describes. In A, C, and E, there is no logical place to which
there or its could refer. In D, the best choice, the phrase sediments from the Baltic Sea tells where the
sediments originate, findings provides a noun for consistent to modify, and in the area clearly identifies where
the industrial activity is growing.
Answer to Question 39
Choice C is best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the shields did. Choices A
and B awkwardly use the singular word method to refer to items of military equipment rather than to the use
of such items. Also, a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect in A or a
method protecting in B. In B and D, as is incorrect; also, a protection in D has no noun for which it can
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logically substitute. Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.
Answer to Question 40
The corrected sentence must contrast an effect of spot-welding with an effect of adhesive-bonding. To do so
logically and grammatically, it must describe the effects in parallel terms. When inserted into the sentence, D
produces the parallel construction over a broad surface rather than at a series. Having no word such as over
or at indicate location, choices A, B, and C fail to complete the parallel and so illogically draw a contrast between
surface and series. In E, as against being is a wordy and unidiomatic way to establish the intended contrast.
Choice D is best.
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