2015年1月9号Collegeboard在2014年发布的样题的基础之上新增了语法题目,语法从之前的13道题增加到现在的22道题,符合改革后每篇11道题的要求,让考生能更真实感受到新SAT语法难度和知识点分布。尽管新SAT语法在出题方式上有很大的改变(更像现行的IP), 但是新旧SAT语法还是有很多相同的地方,接下来从新旧SAT相同处、不同点以及怎样来从现行SAT过渡到新SAT这三个方面给出新SAT语法的备考方案。
一:新旧SAT相同考点
1. 现行SAT重点知识点在新SAT中仍然是考查对象
这22道题目中涉及到的旧的知识点基本涵盖了北京新东方强化班讲解的现行SAT考试中所有重点考查的知识点,比如主谓一致,时态,代词,平行结构,比较结构和垂悬结构。
例如:
Question 2
When any one of these changes [Q2) occur, it is likely the result of careful analysis conducted by transportation planners.
A. NO CHANGE (occur, it is)
B. occur, they are
C. occurs, they are
D. occurs, it is
答案:D
解析:Objective (focus): Students must maintain grammatical agreement between pronoun and antecedent and between subject and verb. 该题考查主谓一致和代词单复数一致,主语为any one,因此谓语动词应该用单数occurs, 而且代词也应该和any one照应,应该用单数。此题的知识点也是老SAT重点考查的知识点。
Question 3
The work of transportation planners generally includes evaluating current transportation needs, assessing the effectiveness of existing facilities, and improving those facilities or [Q3) they design new ones.
A. NO CHANGE (they design)
B. to design
C. designing
D. design
答案:C
解析:Objective (focus): Students must maintain parallel structure.
该题考查平行结构,选择的答案需要和or前面的improving平行,因此应该用designing。平行结构也是老SAT常考知识点。
以上来自样题中的题目,从以上题目可以看出,现行SAT中常规重点考点还是会被经常考到,因此考生一定要夯实语法基础,尽管SAT语法有改革,但是重要的知识点还是会被考到,因此要备考新SAT的考生还是要系统学习现行SAT中考到的知识点。
2. 现行SAT近两年频繁考查的新知识点在新SAT中仍然考察
最近今年考查了一些在之前不常考查的知识点,这些知识点比较难,因此在北京新东方精讲精练班和冲分班经常讲到,比如词义重复和词意在新SAT中仍然考查,从此可以看得出来现行SAT也正在向新SAT过渡。
例如:
[. . .] As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often compared to paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when a strong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. Kingman, however, vacated from that tradition in a number of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on natural landscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities. [. . .]
A) NO CHANGE
B) evacuated
C) departed
D) retired
答案:C
解析:考查单词,sat要求考生写作不仅要语法正确而且要求精确和清晰,这个题符合此要求。
此类题型在现行SAT语法中每次考试有1个题,而且最近出现越来越频繁,之前只是在OG10套题中出现了2次desirous和auditory,在08年5月Sunday题中出现了perspective, 之后就极少考到,一直到11年10月再次考到,之后12年10月,13年1,5,10月,以及14年1,5,10都考到,从这个知识点在现行SAT中考的越来越频繁,在样题中又再次出现可以得知,考生一定要注意词义,注重用词的精确性。
再例如:
Question 6
If analysis of the traffic count indicates that there is more traffic than the [Q6) current road as it is designed at this time can efficiently accommodate, the transportation planner might recommend widening the road to add another lane.
A. NO CHANGE (current road as it is designed at this time)
B. current design of the road right now
C. road as it is now currently designed
D. current design of the road
答案:D
解析:Objective (focus): Students must improve the economy of expression. 该题考查有效性即简洁性,current和at this time或者now重复,因此只用一个就可以。这一知识点符合美国政府的官方语言要求简明的原则。
此题中的词意重复的知识点在05年刚刚改革的SAT中考过,OG中也只有annual和every year重复这一个题目,之后在07年5月Sunday题考过一次,之后真题中考的一直比较少,从12年开始这个知识点频繁被考到,在新样题中再次出现了这个知识点。
从以上两个知识点可以看出,最近今年频繁出现的较新的知识点也会在新SAT中考查,所以考生要注重总结现行SAT中的不常见考点。
二. 新旧SAT语法的考点区别
改革后SAT考试强调考生在解题时要具有“巡证”能力,即“Evidence-based Reading and Writing”,新SAT语法也体现了这点,全部44道题目都需要在文章环境下解答,而现行SAT语法只有6道题需要看上下文。由于出题形式发生了改变,考点的侧重也相应调整。
(1) 文章结构,语言连贯性考查较多
现行SAT语法中,涉及到文章结构,主旨,句间逻辑等,简单来说就是需要看文章才能做出的题目,每次只有2-3道,且只会在改进文章题型中出现,占5%。而新SAT语法,由于全部变成改进文章,此类题目大幅增加! 从最近2篇样题,22道题来看,有5道题需要学生掌握文章结构和上下文与语言连贯,占23%。
(2) 新增重点:标点符号
学过SAT语法的同学都知道,分号的用法是考查重点,但其他标点符号很少涉及。现行官方指南也明确提出,不重点考查标点的用法,除了分号。但新SAT语法从去年改革草案,但今年最新样题,都能看出标点符号成为了重点,不仅考查分号,还有逗号,冒号,破折号等。共4道题,占18%。
例如:
[Q9) People who pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds.
A. NO CHANGE (People who pursue careers in transportation planning)
B. People, who pursue careers in transportation planning,
C. People who pursue careers, in transportation planning,
D. People who pursue careers in transportation planning,
答案:A
解析:Objective (focus): Students must distinguish between restrictive or essential and nonrestrictive or nonessential sentence elements and avoid unneeded punctuation.该题考查标点符号中逗号的用法,逗号起到断句的功能,使得句子连接不是很紧密,而本题中who修饰people,紧密挨着,不加逗号会更好。此题对于逗号用法的细微考查在现行SAT中考查较少,因此学员要更加关注此点。
(3) 新增表格题
新SAT更加理性分析,因此出现了现行SAT中从来未考过的图标题,让考生不仅要读懂文章,还要具有分析能力,并且能够用精确的语言表达出来。
例如:
[. . .] Transportation planners perform critical work within the broader field of urban and regional planning. As of 2010, there were approximately 40,300 urban and regional planners employed in the United States. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts steady job growth in this field, projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning. Population growth and concerns about environmental sustainability are expected to spur the need for transportation planning professionals.
Which choice completes the sentence with accurate data based on the above graph?
A) NO CHANGE
B) warning, however, that job growth in urban and regional planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.
C) predicting that employment of urban and regional planners will increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.
D) indicating that 14 to 18 percent of urban and regional planning positions will remain unfilled.
答案:C
解析:本题是全新的题型,图表分析题,本题不仅考查考生的语法能力,还考查考生的理科分析能力,根据图表分析数据。
三. 新旧SAT语法备考过渡
1. 由于新旧SAT语法大部分考点相同,所以关键要透彻掌握现行SAT语法的知识点,才能具备应战新SAT考试的基本能力。
2. 现行SAT中的段落改进题(IP)和新SAT考试形式十分接近,注重文章结构和句间逻辑,以及语言的连贯性和有效性,因此在现在学习中多关注 IP, 熟悉出题方式,掌握IP的知识点和解体思路,为迎接新SAT打下基础。
3. 关注近2年真题,总结知识点,了解出题动向,因为现行SAT在出题内容上会向新SAT逐渐过渡。
4. 当然现有的IP题目有限,如果想更大量做和新SAT类似的题,可以尝试做ACT题目。ACT从出题形式上和新SAT基本一致,考点绝大部分吻合,有很强的参考作用。只是从难度上看,新SAT语法目前的两篇样题,比ACT略容易。
附图:样题中题型分布
(编辑:张剑乔)
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